VOCABS SHAPES AND PART OF BODY

Definition Shapes
Shapes are all the geometrical information that remains when location, scale and rotational effects are filtered out from an object.

SHAPES


Simple Straight sided shapes
Rectangle
Square
Triangle
Simple Rounded shapes
Circle
Oval
3D shapes
Cone
Cube
Cylinder
Pyramid
Sphere
Mathematical shapes
Parallelogram
Pentagon - 5 sides
Octagon - 8 sides
Miscellaneous shapes
Diamond
Heart

Definition Part of Body
Is the entire structure of a human organism, and consists of a head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs. By the time the human reaches adulthood, the body consists of close to 50 trillion cells, the basic unit of life.

THE HUMAN BODY


1.Hair = Rambut
2.Head = Kepala
3.Neck = Leher
4.Throat = Tenggorokan
5.Shoulder = Bahu
6.Chest = Dada
7.Back = Punggung
8.Waist = Pinggung
9.Stomach = Perut
10.Hip = Pinggul
11.Bottom = Pantat
12.Armpit = Ketiak
13.Arm = Lengan
14.Upper arm = Lengan Atas
15.Elbow = Siku
16.Forearm = Lengan Bawah
17.Wrist = Pergelangan Tangan
18.Fist = Kepalan Tangan
19.Hand = Tanagn
20.Palm = Tapak Tangan
21.Thumb = Ibu Jari
22.Finger = Jari Tangan
23.Nail = Kuku
24.Leg = Kaki
25.Thigh = Paha
26.Knee = Lutut
27.Calf = Betis
28.Ankle = Pergelangan Kaki
29.Foot = Kaki
30.Heel = Tumit
31.Instep = Kura-Kura Kaki
32.Sole = Tapak Kaki
33.Toes = Jari Kaki
34.Brain = Otak
35.Windpipe = Batang Tenggorokan
36.Heart = Jantung
37.Lung = Paru-Paru
38.Liver = Hati
39.Kidney = Ginjal
40.Intestines = Usus
41.Bladder = Kandung Kemis
42.Vein = Pembuluh Balik
43.Artery = Pembuluh Nadi
44.Muscle = Otot
45.Eyeball = Bola Mata
46.Eyebrow = Alis Mata
47.Eyelid = Kelopak Mata
48.Eyelashes = Bulu Mata
49.Pupil = Manik Mata
50.Iris = Selaput Pelangi
51.Eye = Mata
52.Noise = Hidung
53.Ear = Telinga
54.Mouth = Mulut
55.Cheek = Pipi
56.Chin = Dagu
57.Temple = Pelipis
58.Forehead/Brow = Dahi/Kenig
59.Jaw = Rahang
60.Moustache = Kumis
61.Beard = Janggut
62.Tooth = Gigi
63.Lip = Bibir
64.Tongue = Lidah 

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Definition
Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an Action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed of finished certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to Express an Action or an event that had happened before that other event or actionhappened.

Formula of Verbal Sentence:
(+) SUBJECT + HAD + V3
(- ) SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + V3
(? ) HAD + SUBJECT + V3?

Example:
+ She had put my book on the table last nigth.
- She had not put my book on the table last night.
? Had she put my book on the table last night?

Formula of Nominal Sentence
(+ )SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN+ NON VERB
(- )SUBJECT + HAD +NOT + BEEN+ NON VERB
(?) HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN+ NON VERB?

Example:
+ I had been there when the accident hapenned.
- I had not been Three when the accident hapenned.
? Had had been there when the accident hapenned?

**note**
I had = I’d
You had = You’d
We had = We’d
They had = they’d
He had = he’d
She had = She’d
It had = It’d 

PAST CONTINOUS

Basic form

Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb (continuous form)

Quick examples

• The man was singing.
• I was resting in the garden when it started to rain.

We usually use the Past Continuous to talk about activities that lasted for some time in the past. The actions can be interruped by something or can be happening at the same time.

Use

1. Duration in the past 
2. Interrupted actions in progress
3. Actions in progress at the same time in the past
4. Irritation
5. Polite question

example:

1. I was watching TV yesterday in the evening.

2. I was talking with James when the telephone rang.

3.When Bob was painting windows, Mary was working in the kitchen.

4. I was thinking you might help me with this problem.

5. She was always coming late for dinner!

PAST TENSE

Past Tense
Past tense is to tell the events or incidents at the past time.
Past tense is used :

* When the speaker thinks of an activity or state as occurred and complete at a specific time in the past
* For a non-fact in the present or future time.This is traditionally called the” subjunctive mood “.

Example : If I had the money now,I’d buy a plane



* To refer a single event on the past

Example : I called Mary last night.

* The past habitual action.

Example : We went to school together,and we shared many experiences

The Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense is kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.
Adverbs used: yesterday,last night ,last week,two days ago,a few minutes ago,last weekend ,last month ,last years,in 1984,etc

* Simple past for regular verbs is added by- ed to the root of a word.

Example : She worked at the office yesterday.

* A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form.

Example : She did not work at the office yesterday.
Question sentence are started with did as in Did she work at the office yesterday ?
Verbal
There are two pattern of Simple Past Tense :
1.( + ) Subject + verb II + complement
( - ) Subject + did not + verb I + complement
( ? ) Did + subject + verb I ?
Nominal
2. ( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Object
( – ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Not + Object
( ? ) To be ( was/ were ) + Subject + Object ?

Past Continuonus Tense

Past Continuonus Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain in the past.
As with the present tense,the continuous aspect that the activity is in progress ,or that it is uncompleted ,at the specified time.
The Pattern :
( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + verb – ing + complement
( - ) Subject + was not / were not + verb- ing + complement
( ? ) Was/were + subject + verb-ing + complement ?

Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.
The Pattern :
( + ) Subject + had + verb III + complement
( – ) Subject + had not + verb III + complement
( ? ) Had + subject + verb III + complement ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense is like the past perfect tense ,but it expresses longer actions in the past.
The Pattern :
( + ) Subject + Had + been + verb –ing + complement
( - ) Subject + Had + not + been + verb-ing + complement
( ? ) Had + subject + been + verb –ing + complement ?

Recount Text

Recount Text

Definition Recount Text
       Recount text is used to retell about activity / action in the past to inform or to entertain.
The generic structure :
1). Orientation : Who – What – Where – When.
2). Events : The series of events.
3). Re-orientation : A personal comment about the event or what happened in the end.


The characteristics of Recount Text :
• Using the simple past tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, and Past Perfect Tense, Perfect Continuous Tense.

Example :

Diving in Bunaken Island

Orientation :
       Last year, I left New Zealand for Bunaken Island. I went there with a group of New Zealand divers. Getting there was not quite easy.
Event 1 :
       Soon after our arrival at Bunaken, we got a general briefing. It included a description about how to make pictures under water.
Event 2 :
       Then we began our diving. In our diving, we saw groups of tiny fish. In order to identify them, we needed a good guide. Without some knowledge of their habitat and behavior, it was difficult to identify.
Re-orientation :
       In summary, the trip was mostly enjoyable. This place is so impressive with its marine life.

Procedure Text

Procedure Text

Definition Procedure Text
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This next uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjuction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.


The Generic Structure :
• Aim / Goal     : The title of the text.
• Materials        : The ingredients and utensils to do the instructions,
                         but not required for all procedure texts.
• Steps             : A set of instructions to do the activity.

The Characteristics of Procedure Text :
• Using the simple present tense, often imperative sentence.
• Using the temporal conjuctions, such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.
• Using actions verbs, such as turn on, stir, hold up, open, etc.

Example :

“ Sandwich “

Ingredients :
• 2 slices of bread.
• Peanut butter.
• A banana.
• Honey.

Steps :
• Take two slices of bread.
• Spread peanut butter.
• Cut up a banana onto small slices and
• Put them on one of the slices.
• Pour some honey over the bananas.
• Put the other slice of bread on top.

Narrative text

Narrative text. We ever study this topic on first semester. Yeah, narrative text is a text that tells a story such as legend, fairy tales, fable, etc. In order to entertain, stimulate emotion, or to teach. This text is using verb 2.

Generic structure of Narrative Text :
Orientation : Introduces main characters in a setting of place and time.
Complication : Tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve it.
Resolution : Tells the ending of the story.

this is the example of narrative text:

The Myth of Malin Kundang
A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin Kundang had to live hard with his mother.
Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fish in the town. 
One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates. The merchant was so happy and thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone.
Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; “Malin Kundang has become rich and now he is here”.
An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundang’s mother. She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full of both sadness and angriness.
Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail.
In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly, he turned into a stone