VOCABS SHAPES AND PART OF BODY

Definition Shapes
Shapes are all the geometrical information that remains when location, scale and rotational effects are filtered out from an object.

SHAPES


Simple Straight sided shapes
Rectangle
Square
Triangle
Simple Rounded shapes
Circle
Oval
3D shapes
Cone
Cube
Cylinder
Pyramid
Sphere
Mathematical shapes
Parallelogram
Pentagon - 5 sides
Octagon - 8 sides
Miscellaneous shapes
Diamond
Heart

Definition Part of Body
Is the entire structure of a human organism, and consists of a head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs. By the time the human reaches adulthood, the body consists of close to 50 trillion cells, the basic unit of life.

THE HUMAN BODY


1.Hair = Rambut
2.Head = Kepala
3.Neck = Leher
4.Throat = Tenggorokan
5.Shoulder = Bahu
6.Chest = Dada
7.Back = Punggung
8.Waist = Pinggung
9.Stomach = Perut
10.Hip = Pinggul
11.Bottom = Pantat
12.Armpit = Ketiak
13.Arm = Lengan
14.Upper arm = Lengan Atas
15.Elbow = Siku
16.Forearm = Lengan Bawah
17.Wrist = Pergelangan Tangan
18.Fist = Kepalan Tangan
19.Hand = Tanagn
20.Palm = Tapak Tangan
21.Thumb = Ibu Jari
22.Finger = Jari Tangan
23.Nail = Kuku
24.Leg = Kaki
25.Thigh = Paha
26.Knee = Lutut
27.Calf = Betis
28.Ankle = Pergelangan Kaki
29.Foot = Kaki
30.Heel = Tumit
31.Instep = Kura-Kura Kaki
32.Sole = Tapak Kaki
33.Toes = Jari Kaki
34.Brain = Otak
35.Windpipe = Batang Tenggorokan
36.Heart = Jantung
37.Lung = Paru-Paru
38.Liver = Hati
39.Kidney = Ginjal
40.Intestines = Usus
41.Bladder = Kandung Kemis
42.Vein = Pembuluh Balik
43.Artery = Pembuluh Nadi
44.Muscle = Otot
45.Eyeball = Bola Mata
46.Eyebrow = Alis Mata
47.Eyelid = Kelopak Mata
48.Eyelashes = Bulu Mata
49.Pupil = Manik Mata
50.Iris = Selaput Pelangi
51.Eye = Mata
52.Noise = Hidung
53.Ear = Telinga
54.Mouth = Mulut
55.Cheek = Pipi
56.Chin = Dagu
57.Temple = Pelipis
58.Forehead/Brow = Dahi/Kenig
59.Jaw = Rahang
60.Moustache = Kumis
61.Beard = Janggut
62.Tooth = Gigi
63.Lip = Bibir
64.Tongue = Lidah 

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Definition
Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an Action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed of finished certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to Express an Action or an event that had happened before that other event or actionhappened.

Formula of Verbal Sentence:
(+) SUBJECT + HAD + V3
(- ) SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + V3
(? ) HAD + SUBJECT + V3?

Example:
+ She had put my book on the table last nigth.
- She had not put my book on the table last night.
? Had she put my book on the table last night?

Formula of Nominal Sentence
(+ )SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN+ NON VERB
(- )SUBJECT + HAD +NOT + BEEN+ NON VERB
(?) HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN+ NON VERB?

Example:
+ I had been there when the accident hapenned.
- I had not been Three when the accident hapenned.
? Had had been there when the accident hapenned?

**note**
I had = I’d
You had = You’d
We had = We’d
They had = they’d
He had = he’d
She had = She’d
It had = It’d 

PAST CONTINOUS

Basic form

Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb (continuous form)

Quick examples

• The man was singing.
• I was resting in the garden when it started to rain.

We usually use the Past Continuous to talk about activities that lasted for some time in the past. The actions can be interruped by something or can be happening at the same time.

Use

1. Duration in the past 
2. Interrupted actions in progress
3. Actions in progress at the same time in the past
4. Irritation
5. Polite question

example:

1. I was watching TV yesterday in the evening.

2. I was talking with James when the telephone rang.

3.When Bob was painting windows, Mary was working in the kitchen.

4. I was thinking you might help me with this problem.

5. She was always coming late for dinner!

PAST TENSE

Past Tense
Past tense is to tell the events or incidents at the past time.
Past tense is used :

* When the speaker thinks of an activity or state as occurred and complete at a specific time in the past
* For a non-fact in the present or future time.This is traditionally called the” subjunctive mood “.

Example : If I had the money now,I’d buy a plane



* To refer a single event on the past

Example : I called Mary last night.

* The past habitual action.

Example : We went to school together,and we shared many experiences

The Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense is kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.
Adverbs used: yesterday,last night ,last week,two days ago,a few minutes ago,last weekend ,last month ,last years,in 1984,etc

* Simple past for regular verbs is added by- ed to the root of a word.

Example : She worked at the office yesterday.

* A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form.

Example : She did not work at the office yesterday.
Question sentence are started with did as in Did she work at the office yesterday ?
Verbal
There are two pattern of Simple Past Tense :
1.( + ) Subject + verb II + complement
( - ) Subject + did not + verb I + complement
( ? ) Did + subject + verb I ?
Nominal
2. ( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Object
( – ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Not + Object
( ? ) To be ( was/ were ) + Subject + Object ?

Past Continuonus Tense

Past Continuonus Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain in the past.
As with the present tense,the continuous aspect that the activity is in progress ,or that it is uncompleted ,at the specified time.
The Pattern :
( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + verb – ing + complement
( - ) Subject + was not / were not + verb- ing + complement
( ? ) Was/were + subject + verb-ing + complement ?

Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.
The Pattern :
( + ) Subject + had + verb III + complement
( – ) Subject + had not + verb III + complement
( ? ) Had + subject + verb III + complement ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense is like the past perfect tense ,but it expresses longer actions in the past.
The Pattern :
( + ) Subject + Had + been + verb –ing + complement
( - ) Subject + Had + not + been + verb-ing + complement
( ? ) Had + subject + been + verb –ing + complement ?

Recount Text

Recount Text

Definition Recount Text
       Recount text is used to retell about activity / action in the past to inform or to entertain.
The generic structure :
1). Orientation : Who – What – Where – When.
2). Events : The series of events.
3). Re-orientation : A personal comment about the event or what happened in the end.


The characteristics of Recount Text :
• Using the simple past tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, and Past Perfect Tense, Perfect Continuous Tense.

Example :

Diving in Bunaken Island

Orientation :
       Last year, I left New Zealand for Bunaken Island. I went there with a group of New Zealand divers. Getting there was not quite easy.
Event 1 :
       Soon after our arrival at Bunaken, we got a general briefing. It included a description about how to make pictures under water.
Event 2 :
       Then we began our diving. In our diving, we saw groups of tiny fish. In order to identify them, we needed a good guide. Without some knowledge of their habitat and behavior, it was difficult to identify.
Re-orientation :
       In summary, the trip was mostly enjoyable. This place is so impressive with its marine life.

Procedure Text

Procedure Text

Definition Procedure Text
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This next uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjuction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.


The Generic Structure :
• Aim / Goal     : The title of the text.
• Materials        : The ingredients and utensils to do the instructions,
                         but not required for all procedure texts.
• Steps             : A set of instructions to do the activity.

The Characteristics of Procedure Text :
• Using the simple present tense, often imperative sentence.
• Using the temporal conjuctions, such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.
• Using actions verbs, such as turn on, stir, hold up, open, etc.

Example :

“ Sandwich “

Ingredients :
• 2 slices of bread.
• Peanut butter.
• A banana.
• Honey.

Steps :
• Take two slices of bread.
• Spread peanut butter.
• Cut up a banana onto small slices and
• Put them on one of the slices.
• Pour some honey over the bananas.
• Put the other slice of bread on top.

Narrative text

Narrative text. We ever study this topic on first semester. Yeah, narrative text is a text that tells a story such as legend, fairy tales, fable, etc. In order to entertain, stimulate emotion, or to teach. This text is using verb 2.

Generic structure of Narrative Text :
Orientation : Introduces main characters in a setting of place and time.
Complication : Tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve it.
Resolution : Tells the ending of the story.

this is the example of narrative text:

The Myth of Malin Kundang
A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin Kundang had to live hard with his mother.
Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fish in the town. 
One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates. The merchant was so happy and thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone.
Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; “Malin Kundang has become rich and now he is here”.
An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundang’s mother. She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full of both sadness and angriness.
Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail.
In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly, he turned into a stone

Giving instrucsion

Giving instrucsion is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we instruct or request.

When we give instruction , we usually use a modal in an interrogative sentence.
We use 'will','would','can',or'could'with'you'to tell someone to do something.

For example :
Would you turn on the ignition key?
Could you slow down?
Didi, will you put the type writer on the table?
Instruction are always made more polite by adding 'please',I'm sorry,or'excuse me'.

For example :
Would you please turn on the fan?
Please close the door!
PROHIBITION
Don't stop here !
Don't turn on the ignition !
Don't turn on the fan !
Don't open the window !
The example expression of giving instruction :
Open your book !
Close the door , please !
Move the chair !
Open the window !
Pass me the sugar , please !
Stand up , please ! 

note: The tense used in giving intruction is " simple present "

Gaining attention

Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want. because sometimes we talk nobody listen to us.

Asking for attention (formal) :

Excuse me, I wonder if I could trouble you.
May I have your attention, please?
Excuse me....
Sorry to trouble you.
Sorry to bother you.


Asking for attention (Informal) :

Look at me!!!!
Look what I’ve got here.
Look here.
Look!!!!
Hey!!!
Attention please......
Showing attention :

I see......
Tell me more about it.
Oh , yes...
Really?
Mmmmm....
Oh my god!!! What happens next?
Ahaaa...
And then what?
How interesting!!
What’s next?
I know what you mean...
Is that all?
Oh, oh.....
Indeed?
Well, well, well.....
Wow....

Example :
Kumiko : Attention please....
Kikyou : Oh yes.

Happiness Expressions

Happiness Expressions


Definition of Happines Expressions :
Happiness Expressions is an expression that is used to show that someone or people one glad have excitid feelings .


What is Happiness ??

=) It is important first understand that the term "happiness" refers to the emotion, mood, and state of happiness, however researchers generally study the more enduring "state" .
=) Expressions is used to expressions happiness feelings when we are successful to do something .

What would you say to express you happiness ??
:: I'm happy because ..


:: Fantastic !
:: Great !
:: My life's fun of happy day .
:: You make me happy .
:: I'm so glad that you .
:: I like !
:: I love !
:: I'm statistied with ..
:: I'm pleased with ..
:: Congratulation !!
:: Exciting !!

We can Happiness Expressions of by :
=) Word (kata-kata)
=) Gestures (Gerakan)

Example of  Happiness Expressions :

ADVERTISMENT

Definition Of Advertisement :

DEFINITION OF ADVERTISMENT:

Advertisement is a communication whose is to inform potential costumers about to generic increased consumetion of those product and throught the creation and reinforcement often contain both factual information and persuasive massage. every major medium is used to deliver these.
Massage, including, television, radio, movies, magazines, newspaper, video games, the internet and billboards. Advertising is often placed by and advertising agency on behalf of a company.


In Short, Adverb
Information for persuading an motivation people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.

Function of Advertisement
a. Promotion
b. Communication
c. Information


* In making an Advertisement keep the following points :
1. Language of Advertisement :
Using the correct or suitable words
Using the Interesting and suggestive expression
Using positive expression
Text of Advertisement should be directed to goal


2. Content of Advertisement :
Objective and honest
Brief and clear
Not macking to group or other producer
Attractive Attantion


* Advertisement how 3 meaning :
=) Advertisement is a comerical solicitation designed to sell some commodity, service or similar. Companies try to sell their product using.
=) Advertisement is a public notice the city council placed an advertisement in the local newspaper in informs it residents of the forthcom in road works.
=) Advertisement is refers to all people many advertisement are designed to generate in creased consumption of those products and service through the creation and reinforcement of brand image "N" brand royality.


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Sympathy expression or feeling of pity and sorrow, when we know someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. We express it directly to him/her orally  or we can use a letter or card by post also by short message service (SMS)

Example :
•    Ow, how awful!
•    How pity you are!
•    Oh, dear.
•    I know how it feels.
•    Oh, no!

INVITATION

 INVITATION

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do 

 something. 

  There are two types of invitation

  FORMAL INVITATION 

Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally formal 

invitation is written invitation.

  INFORMAL INVITATION 

Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be 

written invitation and verbal invitation. 

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something. 

  Extending (mengundang)

  for example:

• I would like to invite you to come to my hotel

• Would you like to come to my home?

• How would you like to go  Bali with us next month?  

Accepting (menerima)  

• I’d love to  

• I like that

• That sounds great

Declining (menolak) / refusing

• I’d love to, but I can’t

• I’m really sorry because I can’t come 

EXAMPLE OF INVITATION:

APPOINTMENT

Appointment is tells about agreement for meeting is is good to make an appointment before you meet someone or people

Making Appointment
. I'd like to make an appointment with Sony.
. I want to make an appointment to see...
. I'd like you to come and see...
. I'll be there


Canceling an Appointment
. I'm sorry.I'm very busy.
. I'm terrible sorry I have to put of my appointment

Accepting an Appointment
. All right, see you there.
. No problem, I'm free on...

ANNOUCEMENT

Announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened or (more often) what will happen
In writing an announcement, keep the following points :
1. The title
2. Date/time, place
3. Contact Person

Example :
Attention please...
Mr. Sanjaya, our headmaster.
Will say some thing about the national examination
All student of grade XII are required to gather in the school hall
After the second break.
Thank You.

formal announcement

informal announcement

Greeting

Greeting is an act of communication  in which human beings (as well as other members of the animal kingdom) intentionally  make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. While greeting customs  are highly culture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other than gestures.

Greetings can in the form of :
* Written
* Voice mail
* Card  
* Sms
* Email


Example of greetings :
* Greetings.
1. Good morning, good day, good afternoon, good evening (usually use when we met someone)
2. hello ,budi.

* Introducing.
1.Excuse me, Let me introduce my self, ...
2. Hi, my name is (your name).

* Leave taking.
1. Good night
2. See you tomorrow.
3. See you later.